Identify the three types of course reversals used in instrument procedures.

• A. 180/45 degree procedure turn; Hold in lieu of procedure turn; Teardrop procedure
• B. 90/180 degree turns; Teardrop
• C. Direct entry and reversal; Teardrop
• D. Loop in lieu of procedure turn; Teardrop

Answer: (A)

Course reversals are used when you must turn around and align with the final approach course while staying clear of obstacles. The three types routinely used are: the 180/45 degree procedure turn, where you fly outbound on the course and then execute a 180-degree turn with a 45-degree intercept to rejoin the inbound course; the teardrop procedure turn, which offsets outbound on a heading off the inbound course, then turns toward the inbound course along a teardrop path to intercept it; and a hold in lieu of a procedure turn, where you fly a holding pattern to reverse course instead of a traditional procedure turn. These cover the standard ways to reverse course on instrument procedures. The other options either mix in direct entries or use patterns not designated as course reversals for this purpose.