What are the different types of icing?

• A. Structural
• B. Induction
• C. Instrument
• D. Structural, Induction, and Instrument

Answer: (D)

Icing hazards come in three places: on the aircraft’s surfaces (structural icing), in the engine induction system (induction icing), and on flight instruments (instrument icing). Structural icing adds weight and roughens the wing surfaces, alters the airflow, and raises stall speed, which can lead to loss of control if not detected and managed. Induction icing blocks or restricts the engine’s air supply, reducing power and potentially causing engine failure, especially in piston engines with carburetors. Instrument icing affects the pitot-static system and other sensors, causing erroneous airspeed, altitude, or attitude readings that can mislead the pilot. Since icing can occur in any of these three areas, the best answer includes all three types.